| HS Code | 108661 |
| Productname | Sodium Dicyanamide |
| Chemicalformula | NaC2N3 |
| Molecularweight | 89.03 g/mol |
| Casnumber | 1934-75-4 |
| Einecenumber | 217-699-1 |
| Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Meltingpoint | 300 °C (decomposes) |
| Density | 1.64 g/cm3 at 25 °C |
| Watersolubility | Soluble |
| Ph | 6.5-8.5 (5% aqueous solution) |
| Purity | ≥98% |
| Assay | 98.0% minimum |
| Moisture | ≤0.5% |
| Storage | Store in a dry, well-ventilated place at room temperature |
| Hazard | May cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation |
As an accredited Sodium Dicyanamide factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Sodium Dicyanamide supplied in 25 kg net weight, moisture-proof polyethylene-lined woven bags or fiber drums for safe industrial transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Sodium Dicyanamide securely loaded into a 20′ FCL container, palletized in sealed drums, properly braced, labeled, and documented for shipment. |
| Shipping | Sodium Dicyanamide is shipped as a solid in sealed, moisture-resistant containers. It is commonly classified for transport as UN 2811, Toxic solid, organic, n.o.s. (Sodium Dicyanamide), Class 6.1, Packing Group III. Store cool, dry, well-ventilated, away from acids and oxidizers. Follow the current SDS and local regulations. |
| Storage | Store sodium dicyanamide in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from acids, oxidizers, heat, and ignition sources. Keep containers tightly closed, protected from moisture, and clearly labeled. Avoid dust generation. Store separately from food, feed, and drinking water. Use secondary containment and inspect regularly for leaks. Follow local regulations and wear suitable personal protective equipment when handling. |
| Shelf Life | Sodium dicyanamide shelf life is typically two years if stored cool, dry, and in tightly closed containers away from moisture. |
Before salt dissolution begins in non-aqueous sodium-ion electrolyte compounding, moisture ingress is reduced below the level specified for the cell class; sodium dicyanamide is hygroscopic enough that storage and dispensing in a dry room with a dew point ≤ -40 °C is required to prevent water uptake from shifting electrochemical stability. Electrolyte batches are prepared at a sodium dicyanamide concentration of 0.5 mol L-1 to 1.1 mol L-1 in a binary carbonate solvent system, typically ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate or ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate, with the exact volumetric ratio determined by the sodium-ion anode and cathode pair; published data for exact production-scale configuration is limited, but laboratory and pilot cell testing consistently identifies the salt dissolution step as an exothermic process that must be controlled by jacket cooling to maintain solution temperature below 35 °C in stainless steel mixing vessels equipped with nitrogen blanketing. The dissolution step is followed by vacuum-assisted filtration through a 0.2 µm PTFE membrane to remove insoluble particulates, and the finished electrolyte is transferred under dry nitrogen to vacuum-filling stations. In production-scale cell assembly, the filling process must account for the lower viscosity of the electrolyte compared with high-molecular-weight polymer gel systems; vacuum pull-down is sequenced to avoid gas entrapment in winding or stacking channels. Compliance for cells containing this electrolyte is governed by IEC 62619:2022 for safety of secondary cells used in industrial and stationary applications, with transport qualification under UN 38.3; dry-room particulate and humidity controls are aligned with ISO 14644-1:2015 Class 5 or better where laminar-flow fill heads are used. Operational boundaries include incompatibility with strong oxidizing acids and with cell components that are unstable at the upper charge cutoff; dicyanamide-containing electrolytes exhibit lower anodic stability than fluorinated phosphate systems, so the cutoff voltage must be empirically validated for each cathode formulation. Terminal products are sodium-ion pouch and 18650/21700 cylindrical cells supplied into stationary energy storage evaluation and industrial backup power pilot lines.
In aqueous nitrogen-rearrangement and ammonolysis trains, sodium dicyanamide is charged at a molar ratio of 1.00 mol relative to 1.02–1.10 mol of the selected ammonium salt; the slight excess of ammonium reagent drives the equilibrium toward the dicyandiamide or guanidine product while leaving residual sodium in the aqueous phase for subsequent removal by ion exchange or recrystallization. The reaction is carried out in glass-lined or stainless steel jacketed reactors at 70 °C to 95 °C, with pH control maintained within a narrow band because a pH overshoot above the specified upper setpoint generates colored condensation by-products that are difficult to remove from crystalline terminal product. Batch-to-batch variation is most commonly introduced at the ammonium salt feed stage: uncontrolled addition rates cause localized ammonium salt accumulation in the headspace, leading to vent-line blockage and pressure fluctuations in the reactor, which in turn alter residence time and product selectivity. After conversion, the crude reaction mixture is cooled using a controlled ramp, typically 10 °C h-1 to 20 °C h-1, to avoid the formation of fine crystals that blind centrifuge bags; the isolated solid is washed with deionized water until the rinse water conductivity falls below a customer-specified limit. For terminal product streams intended for guanidine hydrochloride or guanidine carbonate, compliance is usually verified against the applicable pharmacopoeial monograph for sulfate ash, heavy metals, and residual ammonium/chloride limits; where no monograph is contractually applied, testing follows general batch release under ISO 9001:2015 and the substance-specific toxicological and transport documentation requirements of REACH Annex II. Residual ammonium and chloride are quantified by ion chromatography following ISO 10304-1:2009, and residual sodium is measured by ICP-OES following ISO 11885:2007. Terminal products include dicyandiamide, guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine carbonate, and downstream nitroguanidine, which are then supplied into epoxy curing, pharmaceutical intermediate, and agrochemical synthesis markets. The main operational limitation is that the dicyanamide-containing reaction mass must not be exposed to strong acid before full conversion unless cyanide-safe venting and alkaline scrubbing are installed, because acidification can release cyanamide-derived volatile species.
When incorporated as an anionic cure promoter in dicyandiamide-cured one-component epoxy powder coatings, sodium dicyanamide is evaluated at 0.2 phr to 1.5 phr relative to the epoxy resin solids; the low addition window is structurally significant because higher loadings accelerate cure to the point where the melt-viscosity window collapses before film leveling is complete, producing orange-peel and crater defects on electrostatic-sprayed steel. The premix is prepared in a high-speed mixer at 1,500 rpm to 3,000 rpm, then passed through a twin-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 40:1 and barrel zones held at 70 °C to 90 °C; the formulation is cold-flaked, ground in a classifier mill, and screened to a D50 of 25 µm to 40 µm. During extrusion, the torque signature reveals prereaction in the zone 5 to zone 7 segment when the promoter dispersion is poor or when barrel setpoints drift above 95 °C; extrusion operators use torque rise as a stop criterion because partially advanced resin blocks the screw elements and increases product gel time variability. After spraying, the powder is stoved at 150 °C for 15 min to 20 min or at 180 °C for 5 min to 10 min, depending on peak metal temperature; cure conversion is checked by differential scanning calorimetry under ASTM D3418-21, while gel time is measured at 180 °C according to ISO 8130-5:2021. Compliance indicators for this application include ISO 8130-1:2019 for particle size distribution and ISO 2409:2020 for cross-cut adhesion class of the cured film; where curatives are supplied to European coating operations, REACH registration and safety data sheet statements under Annex II apply. The powder premixes must be pre-dried below 0.5 wt% moisture when ambient RH exceeds 60 %; otherwise, water competes with the anionic propagation for reactive sites and suppresses gel time in an unpredictable manner. Terminal product types are fusion-bonded epoxy coatings for reinforcing steel and pipeline rebar, electrically insulating powder coatings for armature and busbar applications, and corrosion-protective automotive underbody primers.
The metathesis stream for converting quaternary ammonium or phosphonium halides into dicyanamide ionic liquids is operated with a sodium dicyanamide excess of 1.03 mol to 1.10 mol per mol of halide to push anion exchange beyond the equilibrium that would otherwise leave chloride or bromide in the ionic liquid layer. Aqueous metathesis is carried out at 50 °C to 70 °C in a stirred reactor with baffle and bottom-runner propeller; the heavier ionic liquid layer is separated after phase disengagement, washed with deionized water, and stripped under reduced pressure at 80 °C to 100 °C to remove residual water. Production-scale separation is frequently limited not by chemical conversion but by rag-layer formation at the aqueous-ionic liquid interface, especially when the quaternary halide contains long-chain alkyl substituents; the rag layer traps sodium chloride and must be returned to the reactor or centrifuged separately to avoid contaminating the finished product. The washed ionic liquid is filtered through a 0.45 µm membrane and then dried to the moisture specification set by the terminal use; electrochemical-grade dicyanamide ionic liquids typically require water content below 100 mg kg-1, chloride below 50 mg kg-1, and sodium below 30 mg kg-1, but published data for exact production-scale configuration is limited and each grade is contractually fixed. Analytical release uses Karl Fischer titration following ISO 760:1978 or ASTM E1064-16 for water, ion chromatography following ISO 10304-1:2009 for chloride, and ICP-OES following ISO 11885:2007 for sodium. Compliance for the manufacturing site is maintained under ISO 9001:2015 and REACH Annex II; the dicyanamide ionic liquids are handled as high-boiling polar liquids, and the process vent system is designed for low-level amine and nitrile decomposition fragments. Terminal product types include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide, supplied into gas separation membranes, non-aqueous electrochemical energy storage, and cellulose dissolution research.
| Application stream | Parameter | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Non-aqueous sodium electrolyte | Water content | ISO 760:1978 / ASTM E1064-16 |
| Ionic liquid layer | Chloride | ISO 10304-1:2009 |
| Ionic liquid layer | Sodium | ISO 11885:2007 |
| Epoxy powder | Gel time at 180 °C | ISO 8130-5:2021 |
| Epoxy powder | Particle size distribution | ISO 8130-1:2019 |
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Sodium dicyanamide, Na[N(CN)2], is supplied as a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 89.03 g/mol and CAS Registry Number 1934-75-2. Industrial material is distributed mainly under purity-based grade designations rather than proprietary model numbers; common commercial descriptions include technical grade and refined grade, with refined material frequently specified at ≥ 99.0 wt% by HPLC area-%. The product functions as a metathesis source of the dicyanamide anion, N(CN)2−, in the preparation of ionic liquids, coordination compounds, and nitrogen-containing organic intermediates. It is not interchangeable with sodium cyanide in free-cyanide operations because the cyano groups are covalently bound to a central amide nitrogen and do not behave as free CN− in neutral aqueous solution. Acid-catalysed hydrolysis can nevertheless liberate hydrogen cyanide, so contact with strong acids must be excluded. The salt is hygroscopic, and moisture uptake becomes significant when ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%. Technical data sheets therefore specify low loss on drying, typically ≤ 0.50 wt%, and require storage in tightly closed containers under dry inert gas. Solubility in water and polar organic solvents such as methanol and acetonitrile is high, while solubility in non-polar hydrocarbons is negligible.
Batch-release criteria for sodium dicyanamide vary among manufacturers, but the following parameters recur in technical data sheets and procurement specifications.
| Parameter | Typical commercial limit | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder | Visual inspection |
| Purity (HPLC, area-%) | ≥ 98.0 to ≥ 99.0 | Reverse-phase HPLC, UV detection at 215 nm |
| Loss on drying | ≤ 0.50 wt% | Vacuum oven at 105 °C to constant weight |
| Water content | ≤ 0.50 wt% | Karl Fischer titration, ASTM E203 |
| Chloride | ≤ 0.05 wt% | Ion chromatography |
| Sulfate | ≤ 0.05 wt% | Ion chromatography |
| Heavy metals (as Pb) | ≤ 10 mg/kg | ICP-MS after acid digestion |
| pH of 5 wt% aqueous solution | 7.0–9.0 | ASTM E70 |
The values above represent typical release criteria, not universal specifications. Purity by HPLC area-% does not quantify inorganic cations other than sodium; electronic-grade applications may impose additional limits on potassium, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc. A pH above 9.0 in the 5 wt% aqueous solution may indicate carbonate carry-over from the manufacturing process, while a pH below 7.0 should trigger investigation for acidic impurities or partial hydrolysis. Users producing pharmaceutical intermediates should request a certificate of analysis for each lot and confirm residual solvent profiles where the material has been recrystallised from polar solvents.
In electrolyte-grade synthesis, sodium dicyanamide is handled as a metathesis precursor rather than a direct electrolyte salt. A common downstream route is the reaction of sodium dicyanamide with a quaternary ammonium, imidazolium, pyridinium, or phosphonium halide in acetonitrile, methanol, or water. The precipitated sodium halide is removed by filtration; residual halide concentration in the filtrate is monitored by ion chromatography or argentometric titration. Halide levels above 0.2 wt% in the finished ionic liquid are generally unacceptable for electrochemical applications because chloride accelerates corrosion of aluminium current collectors and narrows the anodic stability window. Production-scale purification therefore involves multiple aqueous washes followed by solvent distillation and drying at 80–120 °C under vacuum below 10 mbar. Wiped-film evaporators or rotary vacuum dryers are used when the ionic liquid viscosity exceeds the operating range of conventional thin-film distillation units. Published values for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide prepared from sodium dicyanamide include a dynamic viscosity of approximately 21 mPa·s at 25 °C and an ionic conductivity near 22 mS/cm. These values illustrate the low-viscosity character of the dicyanamide anion relative to halide or tetrafluoroborate salts, but the transport properties are highly sensitive to water content; drying to below 200 ppm water is recommended to achieve stable electrochemical behaviour. In sodium-ion and lithium-ion electrolyte research, published data for sodium dicyanamide in solid-state battery configurations is limited; most reported transport metrics concern the corresponding imidazolium or pyrrolidinium salts. Transition-metal impurities in electroplating baths are controlled because redox-active species such as iron and copper can reduce current efficiency; typical electronic-grade specifications set Fe, Cu, and Zn each below 10 mg/kg.
Process selection must account for the fact that sodium dicyanamide, sodium cyanide, and dicyandiamide are not functionally interchangeable despite overlapping nitrogen-cyanide terminology.
| Property | Sodium dicyanamide | Sodium cyanide | Dicyandiamide |
|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular formula | Na[N(CN)2] | NaCN | C2H4N4 |
| Molecular weight | 89.03 g/mol | 49.01 g/mol | 84.08 g/mol |
| Active species | Dicyanamide anion | Free cyanide ion | Neutral cyanamide dimer |
| Primary commercial function | Metathesis source for ionic liquids and organic intermediates | Electroplating and precious-metal leaching | Latent epoxy hardener and fertiliser stabiliser |
| Hydrogen cyanide release | Potential under strong acid hydrolysis | Immediate in acid conditions | No free cyanide; thermal decomposition produces ammonia and cyanamide derivatives |
| Water solubility | Highly soluble in water and polar solvents | Highly soluble in water | Soluble in water and hot alcohols |
The differentiation is relevant in multi-product plants: sodium cyanide requires dedicated acid-free storage and cyanide antidote protocols, whereas sodium dicyanamide is managed as a corrosive and hazardous reaction mass only if acid contact is possible. Nevertheless, waste streams from dicyanamide synthesis are not classified as cyanide-bearing unless analytical data demonstrate free cyanide; batch records should include a cyanide-specific test method such as ASTM D7511 or ISO 6703-1. For epoxy curing, dicyandiamide cannot be replaced by sodium dicyanamide because the latter introduces an inorganic sodium ion and does not provide the same latency or crosslink density development under 150–180 °C cure schedules. Compared with potassium dicyanamide, the sodium salt has a lower equivalent weight per anion and generally higher aqueous solubility, but the potassium salt may be preferred when sodium interference in downstream crystallisation or ion-exchange operations is unacceptable.
In pharmaceutical and agrochemical intermediate synthesis, sodium dicyanamide is used to install the dicyanamide group or to generate guanidine and triazine scaffolds under controlled conditions. The substitution is typically carried out in polar aprotic media such as dimethylformamide or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone at temperatures between 60 °C and 120 °C. The reaction pathway depends on the electrophile; with alkyl halides, the dicyanamide anion can undergo N-alkylation, and under certain conditions the product may rearrange or cyclise to aminotriazines. Because sodium chloride or sodium bromide may precipitate, the reaction mass is filtered through a pressure nutsche equipped with a 5–10 µm filter cloth. Process development records often specify slow addition of the sodium dicyanamide solution over 2–4 hours to control the exotherm and minimise polymeric by-products. In batch reactors larger than 2000 L, heat removal is controlled by jacket temperature rather than by direct cooling coils, and the addition rate must be reduced if the reaction temperature exceeds the set point by more than 5 °C. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; most available technical reports describe laboratory reactors operated at 500–1000 mL scale, and scale-up requires a calorimetric study to verify thermal stability. The dicyanamide anion is a weaker nucleophile than chloride or bromide, so reactions are slower; this can improve selectivity but requires longer holding times. Residual sodium dicyanamide in the crude product is removed by aqueous washing, and the aqueous phase should be maintained at neutral to mildly alkaline pH to avoid hydrogen cyanide evolution. If the isolated solid has been stored above 60% relative humidity, it should be size-reduced before metering because agglomerates can bridge the feed throat of loss-in-weight screw feeders.
Moisture uptake on production-scale transfer lines is controlled by closed-loop pneumatic conveying with dry air at a dew point below -40 °C. In areas where ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%, pre-drying at 105 °C for a minimum of 2 hours is recommended before use in anhydrous ionic-liquid synthesis; vacuum drying at 80 °C under 10 mbar may be substituted for heat-sensitive downstream operations. The material is incompatible with strong acids, nitrosating agents, and strong oxidisers, and it should not be combined with amine-based formulations that are subsequently acidified because protonation of the dicyanamide anion can generate hydrogen cyanide. Stainless-steel equipment is acceptable for storage and transfer; however, long-term exposure of moist product to carbon steel can induce corrosion. Effluent must be analysed for total cyanide before discharge because the dicyanamide anion can interfere with some colorimetric cyanide tests. Containers should be labelled with the CAS Registry Number 1934-75-2 and the GHS signal word in accordance with the supplying company’s safety data sheet; classification may vary with residual moisture, particle size, and regional regulatory lists.
