| HS Code | 443017 |
| Product Name | Ethyl Cyanoacrylate |
| Chemical Formula | C6H7NO2 |
| Molecular Weight | 125.13 g/mol |
| Cas Number | 7085-85-0 |
| Ec Number | 230-391-5 |
| Appearance | Colorless to slightly yellow liquid |
| Odor | Sharp, irritating acrylic odor |
| Boiling Point | 54-56 °C at 3 mmHg |
| Flash Point | 75 °C |
| Density | 1.06 g/cm3 at 20 °C |
| Viscosity | 2-3 mPa.s at 25 °C |
| Solubility | Soluble in organic solvents; reacts with water |
| Polymerization Behavior | Rapidly polymerizes on contact with moisture, bases, alcohols, or amines |
| Storage Conditions | Store cool, dry, tightly sealed, away from moisture and heat |
| Hazard Summary | May bond skin rapidly; causes eye, skin, and respiratory irritation |
| Typical Uses | Instant adhesives, medical tissue adhesives, industrial bonding |
As an accredited Ethyl Cyanoacrylate factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Ethyl Cyanoacrylate supplied in a 50 mL amber glass bottle with child-resistant cap and secure HDPE liner for safe handling. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Ethyl Cyanoacrylate loaded in a 20′ FCL container: palletized drums, secured, labeled, and protected from moisture and heat per transport regulations. |
| Shipping | Ethyl cyanoacrylate is shipped as UN 3334, Class 9, PG III, Aviation Regulated Liquid, n.o.s., in approved, sealed, moisture-resistant packaging. It requires Class 9 labels, shipping papers, and protection from heat, moisture, and initiators to prevent polymerization. |
| Storage | Store ethyl cyanoacrylate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, open flames, and direct sunlight. Keep containers tightly closed and upright to prevent moisture contamination, which causes polymerization. Protect from water, alcohols, amines, and alkaline materials. Refrigeration at 2–8°C may extend shelf life. Use original, compatible containers and follow local regulations. |
| Shelf Life | Ethyl cyanoacrylate generally has a shelf life of 6–12 months when stored sealed, cool, dry, and protected from moisture and light. |
In cleanroom assembly of clear polycarbonate cannula hubs and PVC or polyurethane tubing, ethyl cyanoacrylate is dispensed where UV-curable monomers fail due to shadow zones or oxygen inhibition. The monomer grades selected for this operation typically range from 20 mPa·s to 120 mPa·s, with fixture times between 5 s and 20 s at 45–55 % RH and 22–25 °C. Positive-displacement dispensing valves with 25–27 G Luer-lock tips deliver shot volumes of 0.005 mL to 0.02 mL, and press-fit fixturing maintains bond gaps below 0.10 mm. The substrate surface must be free of acidic mold-release residues because free radical or acidic inhibitors can retard anionic initiation. Uncured monomer contact with stressed polycarbonate can induce environmental stress cracking; isopropyl alcohol wiping immediately before bonding should be avoided because it slows cure and can leave hazy fillets. Compliance for device subassembly requires cytocompatibility testing under ISO 10993-5:2009 and ISO 10993-10:2010, plus ethylene oxide residual validation under ISO 10993-7:2008 when terminal sterilization is required. Gamma irradiation at 25–40 kGy can embrittle polycyanoacrylate films; ethylene oxide is preferred but requires complete outgassing to avoid residual ethylene chlorohydrin. The bond is not appropriate for blood-contacting or long-term implant applications unless hemocompatibility per ISO 10993-4:2017 is specifically demonstrated.
| End point | Designation | Acceptance criterion |
|---|---|---|
| Cytotoxicity | ISO 10993-5:2009 | cell viability ≥ 70 % of negative control |
| Irritation | ISO 10993-10:2010 | primary irritation index < 1.0 |
| Acute systemic toxicity | ISO 10993-11:2017 | no treatment-related mortality or signs |
| EtO residuals | ISO 10993-7:2008 | complies with device-specific tolerable contact limit |
Latent fingermark development in criminalistics uses ethyl cyanoacrylate because the monomer vapor polymerizes selectively on eccrine and sebaceous residues. The monomer is evaporated from a heated dish at 80–120 °C inside a recirculating fuming chamber. Published casework protocols converge on a relative humidity setpoint of 70–80 % at 25–30 °C; below 60 % RH development rate falls markedly, while above 85 % RH over-fuming produces thick white polymer that obscures third-level friction ridge detail. A chamber with heater plate and hygrometer probe maintains moisture without wetting the exhibit. Low-viscosity monomer grades of 2–5 mPa·s are preferred because they vaporize faster than thickened formulations. Development time scales with chamber volume; a 500 L cabinet typically requires 10–20 min, whereas vacuum-assisted chambers reduce cycle time to 5–10 min. Operators must extract residual vapor through activated carbon before opening the door. Post-fuming contrast enhancement with Rhodamine 6G or Basic Yellow 40 is performed under excitation wavelengths of 450–550 nm, but published consensus test method designations for this specific combination are limited; national forensic laboratory standard operating procedures remain the primary authoritative source.
In coil termination and wire tacking on populated printed circuit boards, ethyl cyanoacrylate is deposited through 30–34 G dispense tips at shot volumes of 0.002 mL to 0.01 mL per location. The adhesive fixes lead wires, splice points, and edge-mounted connectors until soldering or conformal coating is completed. Cure is initiated by ambient humidity in the 40–60 % RH range; below 30 % RH the fixture time can extend beyond 60 s, while above 70 % RH the thin fillet may whiten due to rapid surface polymerization. Because ethyl cyanoacrylate does not survive solder temperatures above 200 °C, tacked areas must be placed away from solder wave contact or the adhesive must be removed before processing. The material also exhibits measurable outgassing and is unsuitable for hermetically sealed enclosures without thermal vacuum bake-out testing. Acceptance of adhesive fillets in electronic assemblies is judged visually under IPC-A-610, with reject conditions including encroachment onto solderable terminal surfaces and cracked fillets after thermal cycling. Worker exposure during high-volume tacking requires local exhaust ventilation; ethyl cyanoacrylate has an ACGIH TLV-TWA of 0.2 ppm, and continuous adhesive deposition without fume extraction can exceed this ceiling in benchtop production cells.
Nail tip and wrap operations require ethyl cyanoacrylate formulations with low viscosity between 2 mPa·s and 100 mPa·s, allowing capillary flow under prosthetic nail tips. The nail plate supplies surface moisture; under salon humidity of 45–60 % RH the cured fillet becomes load-bearing in 3–15 s. Because the monomer polymerizes by an anionic mechanism, alkaline nail prep residues accelerate cure and can reduce open time below 2 s, causing surface whitening and exothermic rise. Acidic phosphate-based nail dehydrators retard initiation and are used to stabilize open time. The cured poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) film has low elongation, typically below 10 %, and repeated flexural stress initiates microcracking at the natural nail interface; this limitation defines the replacement interval rather than adhesive shear failure. The monomer is classified under EC 1272/2008 as H315, H319, H335; skin bonding requires immediate use of acetone or a medical-grade cyanoacrylate debonder, not mechanical separation. Cosmetic formulations must comply with the EU Cosmetics Regulation EC No 1223/2009 and are excluded from eye-area use. Published dermatological complaint data for nail adhesive systems are limited; occupational exposure during high-volume salon application requires carbon-filtered downdraft or local exhaust ventilation positioned within 50 cm of the work surface.
On continuous weatherstrip extrusion lines, cut EPDM profile ends are joined with medium-viscosity ethyl cyanoacrylate after applying a polyolefin primer or cyanoacrylate activator based on aromatic amines or sodium salts. Without primer activation, low surface energy and migration of paraffinic processing oils prevent adhesive wetting; peel adhesion may remain below 1 N/mm. With primer and a 500–1,500 mPa·s adhesive grade, splice joints fixture in 5–20 s and reach handling strength at 20–30 s. The open time of the primer is less than 60 s, so the adhesive must be dispensed within the primer’s active window; on high-speed lines this is controlled by a CNC dispenser indexed to the extrusion conveyor. Peel resistance is evaluated according to ISO 11339:2010 at a 180° peel angle and 100 mm/min crosshead speed. The splice retains serviceability up to 80 °C continuous, but immersion in glycol-based coolant or prolonged contact with mineral oil reduces peel strength by more than 50 % within 72 h. Because EPDM splices are unsupported by mechanical fasteners, the adhesive bond is limited to static or low-amplitude dynamic loads; cyclic torsional loading above 1 Hz initiates cohesive failure in the polycyanoacrylate interlayer.
Because ethyl cyanoacrylate polymerizes anionically, it is mixed with fine wood sanding dust, cellulose filler, or glass microballoons to fill knot cavities, tear-out, and inlay channels in instrument fingerboards before final leveling. Filler loading of 40–70 wt% sanding dust transforms a low-viscosity 200–500 mPa·s resin into a non-slumping paste with an open time of 30–90 s. The loaded compound is pressed into a cavity with a plastic spatula, then hardens by surface humidity in 15–30 s; thick fills exceeding 3 mm are built in layers to limit exotherm below 45 °C and prevent thermal marking of adjacent finish. Sanding is performed after 5–10 min with 320–600 grit abrasive; final level is checked against the surrounding surface because cured polycyanoacrylate is harder than most wood and can create a crowned repair if overfilled. Oily tropical woods such as rosewood and ebony can delay cure due to natural oil exudation; wiping with acetone and pre-priming with a cyanoacrylate accelerator restores fixture time. The repair is not recommended for structural joinery or water-soaked exterior components; water immersion at 60 °C reduces lap shear on wood by more than 40 % within 48 h. Adhesion testing on wood substrates is conducted according to ASTM D905-08 for shear, but published comparative data for filled cyanoacrylate repair pastes are limited.
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Ethyl cyanoacrylate (CAS 7085-85-0) is a one-part, room-temperature-curing adhesive whose monomer, ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate (C6H7NO2, molecular weight 125.13 g/mol), polymerizes by anionic addition initiated by weakly basic species such as surface-adsorbed water or hydroxyl groups. The product class is not defined by a single global model number; commercial grades are differentiated by controlled viscosity, fixture time, stabilizer package, and lap-shear strength. Representative low-viscosity grades are specified at 3–5 mPa·s, medium grades at 50–100 mPa·s, and gel grades at 1,000–1,500 mPa·s at 25 °C. The cured polymer provides high tensile shear on metals and polar plastics but low peel and impact resistance compared with structural epoxy or polyurethane systems. Procurement specifications for production use typically reference ISO 4587, ASTM D1002, and Brookfield viscosity rather than the chemical name alone.
Anionic propagation depends on adsorbed moisture, so the polymerization front moves inward from the bond line. At 20–40 % RH, fixture times for low-viscosity ethyl cyanoacrylate on steel are commonly 5–15 s; below 20 % RH, fixture time may exceed 30 s because the initiating nucleophile concentration is insufficient. Above 70 % RH, surface polymerization can produce frost bloom, and released heat may create foamed or hazy fillets. Cure depth is limited by monomer diffusion into the growing polymer, typically 0.2–0.3 mm per bond line for uncontrolled moisture cure; larger gaps remain uncured and act as stress concentrators. This behavior is observed on CNC-machined aluminum coupons with a 0.10 mm bond-line gap tested per ISO 4587:2003. Using the standard overlap of 12.5 mm and adherend width 25 mm described in ISO 4587:2003, clause 5, lap-shear values on grit-blasted mild steel for unfilled ethyl cyanoacrylate are typically 18–24 MPa, with cohesive or mixed cohesive-substrate failure rather than clean interfacial failure.
Representative property boundaries for unpigmented ethyl cyanoacrylate grades, based on manufacturer technical data sheets, are given in Table 1. Actual values depend on substrate, surface preparation, cure environment, and adhesive age.
| Viscosity grade at 25 °C (mPa·s) | Typical fixture time on steel (s) | Tensile lap-shear on grit-blasted mild steel (MPa, ISO 4587:2003) | Maximum recommended gap (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3–5 | 5–15 | 18–24 | 0.05 |
| 50–100 | 10–30 | 16–22 | 0.10 |
| 1,000–1,500 | 20–60 | 10–16 | 0.25 |
Without a surface primer, ethyl cyanoacrylate develops high adhesion to nitrile rubber, EPDM, natural rubber, polycarbonate, acrylic, ABS, and neoprene. Low-surface-energy polyolefins and fluoropolymers require a solvent-borne primer or atmospheric plasma treatment; untreated polyethylene and polypropylene typically yield lap-shear values below 1 MPa. Acidic surfaces such as unsealed wood or leather slow cure because the carboxylate initiator is protonated. On injection-molded PBT and PA 6/6 components, removal of residual mold release with acetone or isopropanol before bonding improves bond strength and reduces early cohesive failure. Alkaline surfaces such as concrete or glass treated with ammonium-based cleaners are incompatible because base accelerates exothermic polymerization at the interface, producing a weak, frothy bond. The operational pH range for reliable fixture is generally 4–8; outside this range, surface pre-treatment or accelerator selection is required.
High-viscosity grades are compounded with fumed silica or polymeric thickeners to create thixotropic flow. Viscosity measured at 25 °C with a Brookfield rotational viscometer at 20 rpm may decrease under shear, allowing dispensing through 20–30 gauge needle tips while resisting sag on vertical surfaces. Cure speed in a thick film is diffusion-limited; a 0.25 mm bond line of a 1,200 mPa·s grade may require 60 s or more to fixture, and full cure may extend beyond 24 h. Low-viscosity grades are selected for capillary bonding of preassembled parts; high-viscosity grades are used for porous ABS, polycarbonate, and fiber-reinforced sheet molding compound where a gap of 0.10–0.25 mm must be filled. At processing temperatures above 28 °C, open time may shorten; below 10 °C, fixture can exceed 90 s. Automated dispensing systems should use moisture-excluded reservoir blanketing with air at -20 °C dew point or lower and wetted parts in HDPE or 316 stainless steel. Published production-scale data for this specific configuration is limited; however, manufacturer dispensing guides note that uncapped tips form cured deposits within minutes at relative humidity above 50 %.
Low-viscosity ethyl cyanoacrylate is used to lock threaded connectors, attach wire tacking, and bond encoder strips in electronic assemblies. Capillary action draws the adhesive through 0.05–0.10 mm gaps; the resulting fillet may be insufficient for structural loading but adequate for strain relief. Cured cyanoacrylate is an electrical insulator; however, uncured monomer vapour may condense on gold-plated contacts and increase contact resistance. Accelerated damp-heat testing at 85 °C/85 % RH for 1,000 h is used to screen compatibility of cured fillets on PCB substrates per supplier protocols; published data for this specific configuration is limited. For electronic applications, non-drip thixotropic grades reduce the risk of capillary migration into switches and relays. Cured cyanoacrylate fillets are not a conformal coating substitute; the exposed adhesive remains susceptible to hydrolysis in high-humidity bias tests.
Monomer purity is controlled by gas chromatography; common procurement limits are ≥98.5 % ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate, water ≤0.5 %, and acid stabilizer content between 10 ppm and 500 ppm depending on grade. The stabilizer package, frequently methanesulfonic acid, hydroquinone, or sulfur dioxide, inhibits premature anionic or free-radical polymerization. Storage in high-density polyethylene bottles with desiccant caps retains unopened shelf life for 12 months at 2–8 °C; at 25 °C, shelf life commonly falls to 6 months. Once opened, the product is used within 30 days under dry-air purge or refrigerated sealed storage. Bulk dispensing systems must avoid copper and mild steel components because trace metal ions can initiate polymerization. HDPE and 316 stainless steel are preferred materials. If viscosity increases by more than 50 % from the initial value, the product is no longer suitable for precision dispensing. Inhalation exposure to ethyl cyanoacrylate vapour is controlled by local exhaust ventilation; workplace exposure limits are governed by regional occupational exposure documents rather than by product type.
Ethyl cyanoacrylate monomer is REACH-registered for industrial and professional use; the RoHS directive does not restrict the cured polymer. For food-contact packaging adhesives, FDA 21 CFR 175.105 may apply, but direct food contact is not authorized by that section alone. Medical-device bonding with ethyl cyanoacrylate requires cytotoxicity data per ISO 10993-5 and sensitization data per ISO 10993-10; however, published data for non-medical grades in this specific configuration is limited. Octyl and butyl cyanoacrylates are preferred in topical tissue closure because their longer alkyl chains reduce heat of polymerization and improve flexibility. Ethyl cyanoacrylate is therefore positioned as a general-purpose industrial adhesive rather than a medical closure material unless specific regulatory clearance accompanies the batch or grade.
Differences relative to methyl cyanoacrylate, butyl cyanoacrylate, and octyl cyanoacrylate are systematic and are summarized in Table 2. Methyl cyanoacrylate cures faster and produces a more brittle, higher-modulus bond but is more irritating to mucous membranes. Ethyl cyanoacrylate falls between methyl and butyl in speed and strength; it is the standard general-purpose homologue for industrial assembly. Butyl and octyl cyanoacrylates provide lower lap-shear strengths but higher elongation and lower tissue toxicity, which is why they appear in veterinary and medical closure products. In industrial bonding requiring resistance to thermal shock beyond 120 °C, ethyl cyanoacrylate is generally not selected; 2-octyl grades also have limited continuous high-temperature performance, and published data for this specific configuration is limited.
| Property | Methyl cyanoacrylate | Ethyl cyanoacrylate | Butyl cyanoacrylate | Octyl cyanoacrylate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monomer molecular weight (g/mol) | 111.10 | 125.13 | 153.17 | 209.29 |
| Molecular formula | C5H5NO2 | C6H7NO2 | C8H11NO2 | C12H19NO2 |
| Typical fixture time on steel (s) | 3–10 | 5–20 | 15–45 | 30–90 |
| Tensile shear on steel (MPa, ISO 4587:2003) | 20–28 | 18–24 | 10–16 | 5–12 |
| Elongation and film flexibility | Rigid, <2 % | Rigid, <5 % | Semi-flexible, 10–30 % | Flexible, 100–300 % |
| Primary limitation | Tissue irritation, high volatility | Brittle bond line, limited thermal shock resistance | Slower cure, lower shear strength | Low shear strength, higher cost |
Ethyl cyanoacrylate is incompatible with amine-containing accelerators, strongly alkaline surfaces, and cotton or wool applicator tips; exothermic polymerization on contact with fabric can cause burns. Bond lines exposed to water at 60 °C may hydrolyze and lose strength within 500–1,000 h; for humid-service applications, structural acrylic or epoxy adhesives are commonly substituted. Polycarbonate, acrylic, and acrylic-containing blends can suffer stress cracking if cyanoacrylate fillets are subjected to residual stress or solvent wiping. For bonding polyolefins, a primer or plasma treatment is required, otherwise lap-shear values remain below 1 MPa. Use in direct wound closure is not recommended for ethyl cyanoacrylate; octyl cyanoacrylate is cleared for topical skin closure under specific regulatory pathways.
